《天**说》风临水上

18、附录 资料

　　N多人问我关于Baldwin IV 的资料，专门的书和journal 并不在手中，实在感兴趣的人的我以后慢慢添加。

　　另外本文是架空小白文，有历史高手见此，请勿对号入座。

　　关于他生平的基本，大概可以翻看一下拙作的五章的介绍，那个关于他出生就得到叔父 kingdom of holy land 的祝福礼物，包括他继承的情况，战役都是真实的历史，可能翻译名称上有错，见谅。

　　这里是一读者看了他的传记《The Leper King and his Heirs》写下的一介绍。几乎还是不错，可以看看。
　　我很欣赏她最后的话，意思大概就是：博杜文的事迹看似神话传说，但是它是真的。它是一份
　　关于人类勇敢和忍耐力的遗产。

　　Baldwin IV, king of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem is largely - and unfairly - unknown in the west today. But, as Bernard Hamilton details in The Leper King and his Heirs, he deserves so much better. For a start, he accomplished so much more than his famous Crusading near contemporary Richard the Lionheart, and under infinitely more trying conditions.
　　Not only was his childhood troubled - his father Amalric had been forced to disown his mother Agnes when Baldwin was two years old before the aristocracy would accept him as king, and Baldwin was only 13 when Amalric died and he took the throne - he contracted leprosy at a young age (Baldwin\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'s symptoms are discussed in a useful appendix by Piers Mitchell).

　　The disease could not be hidden; “It grew more serious each day, specially injuring his hands and feet and his face, so that his subjects were distressed whenever they looked at him,” William of Tyre, chief contemporary chronicler of the day, relates.

　　A lesser person would have quickly broken under such circumstances. But Baldwin was animated by both a bold spirit and a tremendous sense of duty, of his obligation to his people. One of the most human touches is William of Tyre’s depiction of Baldwin as “a good looking child for his age“ who grew up ”full of hope“ and ”more skilled than men who were older than himself in controlling horses and in riding them at a gallop,” (p 43). Baldwin had taught himself this skill, vital to a knight, despite already losing feeling in his right hand. And he continued to ride at the head of his men into battle when there was no way he could have remounted had he been unhorsed. Determination and courage were to be the hallmarks of his all too brief career.

　　For Baldwin was by any measure a successful king - considering his circumstances and limited resources, a great one. Though his people were massively outnumbered and surrounded on three sides, this boy, who took the throne in 1164 and died aged not quite 24 in 1185, for 11 years frustrated the ambition of Saladin, the greatest warrior of the age, to forge unity among the Arab people and drive the Christians from the Holy Places.

　　Despite being significantly outnumbered, he defeated Saladin in two major battles, Mont Gisard in 1177 and Le Forbelet in 1182, and forced him to raise the siege of Beirut in 1182 and the major fortress of Kerak twice, in 1183 and 1184. On the latter occasions he was blind and so debilitated he had to be slung in a litter between two horses.

　　Hamilton also helps untangle the intricate web of domestic and international relations in which Jerusalem, the center of the world for three faiths, was ensnared. Baldwin had to balance the conflicting jealousies and agendas of his own nobility, always maneuvering to secure their positions first in the event of a regency, then at the succession; the knightly orders that were within his kingdom but not of it; the neighboring Crusader states; the attitude of the Papacy; the interests of Byzantium; and the distant and fickle responses of the western European powers. And overshadowing all this was ever-present menace of the Islamic counterattack that could come anytime, anyplace. Given this ever-precarious situation, Baldwin perhaps emerges with even greater credit for his diplomacy than for his skills with the sword. Certainly, he made no fatal mistakes and left the kingdom in no weaker condition than he found it.

　　Hamilton makes no great departures in his work, but goes some way towards rehabilitating Reynald of Chatillon from his characteristic depiction as loose cannon psychopath. Following Michael Lyons and David Jackson\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'s Saladin: The Politics of Holy War, he also demythologizes the Crusader\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'s nemesis, emphasizing the traditional argument that the Christian state unnecessarily provoked Saladin into war is flawed: The great leader of the Muslim world had been working towards the cleansing Jihad his entire career.

　　This is a book as much about an era as an individual, and at times, Baldwin as a personality tends to disappear inside it. Even considering the limitations of the sources, one wishes there was more representing his perspective in his voice. But we are limited to a heartfelt letter he wrote to Louis VII of France, humbly recognizing his limitations and offering to hand the kingdom over to a candidate as noble, and more healthy, than he: “To be deprived of one is limbs is of little help to one in carrying out the work of government... It is not fitting that a hand so weak as mine should hold power when fear of Arab aggression daily presses upon the Holy City and when my sickness increases the enemy‘s daring.” (p 140).

　　It was fortunate for the Kingdom of Jerusalem that this offer was refused. It is significant that just two years after Baldwin\\\\\\\'s death Saladin won his great victory at Hattin, fatally wounding the Crusader presence in the Middle East and setting in motion the chain of events that would culminate in their expulsion in 1291.

　　“Few rulers have remained executive heads of state when handicapped by such severe physical disabilities or sacrificed themselves more totally to the needs of their people,” (p 210) Hamilton concludes. Baldwin is accomplishments would seem to be the stuff of myth, but he was quite real, a testament to human courage and endurance, and Hamilton does a fine job of putting his life and times in perspective.

　　另外还有一份再版商的评价
　　“Perhaps Baldwin is only failure was his inability to provide the realm with an offspring to succeed him, which propelled the kingdom into a messy political power-struggle. . ”

　　勉强以我破烂的英文，翻译其中关于他的评价，也许博杜文唯一失败就是他没有给这个王国留下他的后代，而使这个王国进入混乱的政权之争。
　　…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

　　BaldwinIV 老师，William of Tyre 当时著名的历史学家著作《History of Deeds Done Beyond the Sea》提及自己学生的往事。另外有一些电影和历史的评论，很搞笑，也很让人唏嘘，明天添加：）

　　9. Baldwin IV Becomes King of Jerusalem

　　[Adapted from Brundage] The union of Egypt under Saladin with Nur ad-Din\\\\\\\'s empire presented an obvious and immediate peril to the Latin states of the East. Attempts to convince the magnates of Western Europe of the urgency of the threat were unsuccessful and, although an attempt was also made to bind the Latin states closer to Byzantium, the final outcome of these negotiations is unknown. The power of Saladin as ruler of Egypt produced tensions, too, within Nur ad-Din\\\\\\\'s empire. Relations between Saladin and his nominal overlord worsened steadily during the first five years after Saladin\\\\\\\'s rise to power in Egypt. It seemed, almost, as if Saladin and Nur-ad-Din would be at one another\\\\\\\'s throats, thus saving the Latin states from the peril of imminent attack. Before an open break between the two Moslem leaders occurred, however, Nur-ad-Din died in 1174. This event changed the whole situation. Furthermore it seemed as if the empire which Nur ad-Din had created would soon disintegrate into a number of warring, bickering, rival states, Before King Amalric could intervene to take advantage of this situation, however, he died, leaving his son, Baldwin IV, to inherit the Latin Kingdom.

　　The sixth of the Latin kings of Jerusalem was the lord Baldwin IV, son of the lord King Amalric of illustrious memory and of the Countess Agnes, daughter of the younger Count Jocelin of Edessa. . . . While Baldwin was still a boy, about nine years old, and while I was still Archdeacon of Tyre, King Amalric put him in my care, after asking me many times and with a promise of his favor, to teach him and to instruct him in-the liberal arts. [William probably became Baldwin‘s tutor in 1170] While he was in my hands, I took constant care of him, as is fitting with a king”s son, and I both carefully instructed him in literary studies and also watched over the formation of his character.

　　It so happened that once when he was playing with some other noble boys who were with him, they began pinching one another with their fingernails on the hands and arms, as playful boys will do. The others evinced their pain with yells, but, although his playmates did not spare him, Baldwin bore the pain altogether too patiently, as if be did not feel it. When this had happened several times, it was reported to me. At first I thought that this happened because of his endurance, not because of insensitivity. Then I called him and began to ask what was happening. At last I discovered that about half of his right hand and arm were numb, so that he did not feel pinches or even bites there. I began to have doubts, as I recalled the words of the wise man: \\\\\\\"It is certain that an insensate member is far from healthy and that be who does not feel sick is in danger.“[Hippocrates]

　　I reported all this to his father. Physicians were consulted and prescribed repeated formentations, anointings, and even poisonous drugs to improve his condition, but in vain. For, as we later understood more fully as time passed, and as we made more comprehensive observations, this was the beginning of an incurable disease. I cannot keep my eyes dry while speaking of it. For as he began to reach the age of puberty it became apparent that he was suffering from that most terrible disease, leprosy. Each day he grew more ill. The extremities and the face were most affected, so that the hearts of his faithful men were touched by compassion when they looked at him.

　　Baldwin was adept at literary studies. Daily he grew more promising and developed a more loving disposition. He was handsome for his age and he was quick to learn to ride and handle horses-more so than his ancestors. He had a tenacious memory and loved to talk. He was economical, but he well remembered both favors and injuries. He resembled his father, not only in his face, but in his whole appearance. He was also like his father in his walk and in the timbre of his voice. He bad a quick mind, but his speech was slow. He was, like his father, an avid listener to history and he was very willing to follow good advice.

　　Baldwin was scarcely thirteen years old when his father died. He had an elder sister named Sibylla, born of the same mother. She was raised in the convent of St. Lazarus at Bethany by Lady Ivetta, the abbess of the convent, who was her father\\\\\\\'s maternal aunt.

　　When Baldwin\\\\\\\'s father died, all the princes of the Kingdom, both ecclesiastical and secular, assembled. All were in agreement as to what they wanted and Baldwin was anointed and crowned solemnly and in the usual fashion in the Church of the Lord\\\\\\\'s Sepulcher on the fifteenth of July, four days after his father\\\\\\\'s death, by the Lord Amalric of good memory, the Patriarch of Jerusalem, in the presence of the archbishops, bishops, and other prelates of the church.

　　Source:

　　William of Tyre, Historia rerum in partibus transmarinis gestarum, XXI, 1-2, Patrologia Latina 201, 813-15, translated by James Brundage, The Crusades: A Documentary History, (Milwaukee, WI: Marquette University Press, 1962), 141-43

　　博杜文和狮心王之八卦身世版。（PS：历史强人，请绕道离开这里）

　　咳咳，对于不知道小博的，偶理解。不过狮心王应该有人清楚吧，罗宾汉该知道吧。他那时的英国国王。这样先说说他这个人，历史上八次东征，其中第三次又被称为传说东征，是最壮阔和戏剧的。期间发生的原因，就是Baldwin IV的去世，国内派系分裂不可收拾，盖伊坐上王位。海廷失利导致圣都陷落，真十字的丢失。这个消息震动了整个西方世界。乌尔班八世气得当场吐血玩完。各个斗得不可开交的国家纷纷停战。以着德皇，英王，法王为首组成东征大军。开始第三次东征。决心收复圣地。结果德皇红胡子没到战场时，溺水身亡，手下十万大军星散。（PS，我文中把伊珞设定为巴巴罗萨孙女，可见就是架空了，为了避免惹人反感，以后涉及真实人物国家的名字，偶都会改）。
　　法王小狐狸菲力二世，诡计多端，攻下一个城市后，受不了英王狮心王查理的脾气。回国。

　　所以称三次东征为四大名王的PK，实际直面交手只有查理和撒拉丁。查理两败撒拉丁。查理为什么有着狮心王的外号，其实是夸他勇敢也夸他黑心残忍。要撒拉丁交钱赎人，结果撒拉丁一时银子没到，他就让几千人头落地。让人把这些□□心肝挖出来做药。他本身也是和小狐狸联合，起兵对付老爹，活活气死老爹，提前得到的王位。为了参与东征，筹集军费。横征暴敛，差点把伦敦都给卖了。翻脸无情……但是他因为勇敢和军事上的才华，得到世人千古传颂？起码英国人现在还很喜欢他。

　　说来也巧，其实他和博杜文算是同一时代的人，而且论起亲缘，两人该是表兄弟那种。所以看到这里，不由为上帝安排而感叹，这一系家族这一代男儿，军战上的才华，的确是天赋。（PS，在我眼中和异族交过手，取得胜利的，我才承认是有军战才华，西方诸国间所谓大战，骑士大战，上万的战场，死的骑士最多也不过一百多。凭蛮力冲锋，根本就没有战术可言的）
　　把我和朋友对话内容整理如下，帮助大家了解。

　　小博的确是军事天才，估计他那一脉的男子都是狮心王查理其实算是小博的表哥。这个狮心王家伙也是治国烂，但是却是一等一的军事天才三次东征时期撒拉丁的败仗几乎都是吃他手中。说来好笑前期撒拉丁四次被小博为难，打败。后期小博去世狮心王两次打败撒拉丁。小狐狸主要的敌手也是他（狮心王），别看狐狸诡计多端，一上战场他打的撒丫子的跑。开始如此最后也如此，败的狼狈不堪 。

　　撒拉丁真是好命，怎么这个家族的军战天才都让他给赶上了？活活添的战败记录几乎全是这两位兄弟手中。而且刚死一个，又来一个。比不的后期软柿子的十字军。可见出名也是那么好当的。替他掬泪一把。

　　掬什么泪，他算幸运好不好。遇上了中世纪少有的军战天才，结果都是上帝之手帮他摆平。都去的那么早……

　　狮心王也是很年轻去世，他算死在自己个性上。就是好胜，自信，喜欢亲冒矢石上前,结果累教不改，死于流箭 。
　　这么说来他和小博同样是军战天才，都不曾有过自己的后代？
　　对，其实他的个性就和小博儿时的个性一样，刚强，自信，好胜但是小博有着当时最优秀的老师，接触是异教文化（罗马希腊 ）让他磨砺了刚强的锋芒，让他懂的理解他人，懂的治国.所以得以完美，估计无法了……所以上帝只好降下疾病让他早逝,泪。

　　而狮心王则不同，他所在的英国本身就是当时文化落后的蛮夷,根本不曾接受过任何高雅，理性的教导所以把他刚性一面越来越突出。所以英雄勇敢的刚强成分越占越多。最后碎在这种刚强之下 。

　　等等，狮心王好像一辈子不会说英语。所以说文化落后只能说相对于小博所在的国度。小博好像小小年纪就博览诗书，这应该是小博和查理最大的不同。泪，小博若是不死，估计也是和后来的圣路易一样，属于“完美的怪物”。至于查理应该说这人典型贵族好战追求荣誉的王子，该受教育读书时，全去打家劫舍了。。。

　　所以最终笑到最后，还是狐狸。但是狐狸呢，一生被人躲着，不曾有过小博于臣子眼中那种由衷的忠诚和爱戴，甚至连仆人都躲他。
　　因此看到这里，偶经常在想，天知道这算不算上帝另一种公平。

　　……………………………………………………………………
　　另外伊珞的二哥 ：这里虽然称亨利，其实原型更多乃是中世纪伟大君主，德皇腓特烈二世。当然要比小博晚N百年，有感兴趣他的，我再8卦。

　　狐狸原型：就是当时的菲力外加后来的菲力四世。

　　另外KOH的DVD导演CUT版本的11月上市，为了BALDWIN IV，泪，偶决心掏银子了……

作者有话说

　　另外有一些电影和历史的评论，很搞笑，也很让人唏嘘，明天添加：）