素体诗(blank verse),英语格律诗的一种。由抑扬格五音步写成,每行用五个轻重格音步——十个音节组成,每首行数不拘,不押韵。繁复,语言拖沓,人物的性格和外貌雷同,中心思想与内容大同小异,艺术价值不高。随着骑士制度的衰落,骑士小说也就逐渐销声匿迹。
英文解释
blank verse: almost always in unrhymed iambic pentameter line.
例诗欣赏
1、莎士比亚的剧作大部分由素体诗写成,如《如愿》中第二幕第七景以下诗行:
All the world’s a stage,
And all the men and women merely players;
They have their exits and their entrances,
And one man in his time plays many parts,
His Acts being seven ages. At first the infant,
Mewling,and puking in the nurse’s arms:
(Shakespeare:As You Like It,Act II,Scene 7)
整个世界是一座舞台,
所有的男男女女不过是演员罢了:
他们有上场;有下场法;
一个人一生扮演好几种角色,
他一生的情节共分七个时期。
最初是婴孩,在保姆的怀里号啼呕吐。(梁实秋译)
2、弥尔顿的史诗《失乐园》也是用素体写成的,如一开始的第27行至第33行:
Say first—for heaven hides nothing from thy view,
Nor the deep tract of Hell—say first what cause
Moved our grand Parensts,in that happy state,
Favoured of Heaven so highly,to fall off
From their Creator,and transgress his will
For one restraint,lords of the World besides.
Who first seduced them to that foul revolt?
(John Milton:The Paradise Lost)
请先说,天界和地狱深渊,
在您的眼中,一切都了如指掌;
请先讲,为什么我们的始祖,
在那样的乐土,得天惠那样独厚,
除了那唯一的禁令以外,他俩
本是世界的主宰;竟背叛而自绝于
他们的创造主?当初是谁引诱
他们犯下这不幸的忤逆呢?(朱维之译)
3、华兹华斯讲述自己心灵成长的长诗《序曲》,同样也是用素体写成的,如第三卷的开始诗节:
It was a dreary Morning when the Wheels
Rolled over a wide plain o’erhung with clouds,
And nothing cheered our way till first we saw
The long-roof’d Chapel of King’s College lift
Turrets,and pinnacles in answering files,
Extended high above a dusky grove.
(William Wordsworth:The Prelude,Book Third)
那是个凄凉的早晨,车轮在乌云
笼罩的平原上滚动,一路上我们
无精打采,直至见国王学院的
长行礼拜堂从一片昏暗的树林中
徐徐托出它的塔楼与尖顶,
它们纵列成行,相互呼应。(丁宏为译)
——以上内容引用自百度百科。