29、Day 29 ...
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Hasty generalization: present in an argument in which the arguer makes assumptions abut a whole group or range of cases based on a sample that is inadequate (usually because it is atypical or too small). 草率概括
Missing the point: present in an argument whose premises do support a particular conclusion-but not the conclusion that the arguer actually draws.
slippery slope: present in an argument in which the arguer assumes that a chain reaction, usually ending in some dire consequence will take place, but without enough evidence to support that assumption. The arguer asserts that if one were to take even one step onto the \"slippery slope,\" he or she will invariably end up sliding all the way to the bottom; the arguer assumes the subject cannot halt hi or her slide partway down the slope. 滑坡
weak analogy: present in an argument in which the arguer in which the arguer relies on an analogy between two or more objects, ideas, or situations that are not really alike or analogous in the relevant respect. 不当类比
Ad populum: present in an argument in which the arguer takes advantage of the desire most people have to be liked and to fit in with others, using that desire to try to get the audience to accept his or her argument. 从众心理
Begging the question: present in an argument in which the arguer asks his or her opponent to simply accept a conclusion absent any real evidence; the argument either relies on a premise that says the same thing as the conclusion (commonly referred to as \"being circular\" or \"circular reasoning\"), or simply ignores an important (but questionable) assumption that the argument rests on. 循环论证
red herring: present in an argument in which, partway through the argument, the arguer veers off on a tangent, raising a side issue that distracts the opponent from what is really at stake. 转移注意力的次要事实
appeal to fear: present in an argument in which the arguer relies on the instillation of fear in the opponent, rather than the presentation of evidence, to support a claim. (also known as a \"scare tactic\")
appeal to ignorance: present in an argument in which the arguer relies on the supposition that, due t a lack of conclusive evidence, the conclusion of an argument should be accepted.
appeal to authority: present in an argument in which the arguer attempts to get his or her opponent to accept a claim simply by impressing his or her with a prominent figure or by appealing to a supposed authority who, in actuality, is not much of an expert.
Post hoc: present in an argument in which the arguer presents two sequential event said to be causally related, while in actuality this is not the case; the arguer wrongly conclude that the earlier event caused the latter. The arguer plays on a misunderstanding of the fact that correlation is not the same as causation. 事后归因的
equivocation； present in an argument in which the arguer uses an equivocation between terms, or the sliding between two or more different meanings of a single word or phrase that is important to the argument, in order to support a claim. 含糊其辞
false dichotomy: present in argument in which the arguer makes it look as though the answer to a question admits of only two alternatives (one that is logical and one that is illogical), when, in reality, there are multiple undisclosed options available. 假二歧分枝
appeal to pity : present in an argument in which an arguer attempts to get his or her opponent to accept a conclusion by making him o her sorry for someone ot something.
